How to use the most recent Diversity, antibacterial, and phytotoxic activities of culturable endophytic fungi from Pinellia pedatisecta and Pinellia ternata's
Endophytic fungi are microorganisms that inhabit the internal tissues of plants without causing any apparent harm. These fungi have been found to produce a variety of biologically active compounds with potential applications in agriculture, medicine, and biotechnology. Pinellia pedatisecta and Pinellia ternata are medicinal plants widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. This study aimed to isolate and evaluate the diversity, antibacterial and phytotoxic activities of endophytic fungi from these plants.
The isolation of endophytic fungi was performed using standard cultivation methods on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and yeast extract sucrose agar (YES) media. The diversity of the isolated fungi was analyzed using morphological, physiological, and molecular techniques, such as microscopy, cultural characteristics, and PCR amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region.Antibacterial activities of the endophytic fungi were evaluated using the disc diffusion method against a panel of bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the active extracts was determined using the broth microdilution method.
Phytotoxic activities of the endophytic fungi were assessed by measuring the inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth of test crops (such as lettuce and radish) by the extracts. The effect of the extracts on the root length and shoot length was also evaluated.
The results showed that the endophytic fungi from both plants were diverse and included species belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Trichoderma. Antibacterial assays revealed that some of the endophytic fungi produced metabolites with antibacterial activities against one or more of the test strains. The MIC values ranged from 0.1 to 50 mg/mL, indicating the different potencies of the extracts.
The phytotoxic activities of the endophytic fungi varied, with some extracts promoting seed germination and seedling growth while others inhibit it. The root and shoot lengths of the test crops were also affected differently by the extracts.
antibacterial, and phytotoxic activities of culturable endophytic fungi from Pinellia pedatisecta and Pinellia ternata typically involve the following steps:
1. Collection and isolation of endophytic fungi: Endophytic fungi are collected from healthy plant tissues and isolate through various methods such as surface sterilization, selective media culture, and molecular methods.
2. Diversity analysis: The diversity of the isolated endophytic fungi is analyzed through molecular methods such as PCR-based DNA fingerprinting, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis.
3. Antibacterial activity: The antibacterial activity of the endophytic fungi is tested using in vitro assays such as the agar well diffusion method, the broth microdilution method, and the disc diffusion method.
4. Phytotoxicity assays: The phytotoxicity of the endophytic fungi is tested using in vitro assays such as seed germination tests, root elongation tests, and bioassays with indicator plants.
5. Identification of endophytic fungi: Isolation and purification of endophytic fungi from plant tissues, followed by morphological and molecular characterization (e.g. PCR, sequencing) to identify the species present.
6. Determining diversity: Analysis of the diversity of endophytic fungi communities using molecular techniques such as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) or terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP).
7. Antibacterial activity: In vitro assays to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of the isolated fungi, such as the agar diffusion method or broth microdilution.
8. Phytotoxicity: Testing the effects of endophytic fungal extracts on the growth and survival of plant cells or seedlings to determine their phytotoxicity.
For diversity analysis, the fungal strains are often subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA and then sequenced to obtain the fungal species identification.
For antibacterial activity, the endophytic fungi are screened for their ability to inhibit the growth of selected bacterial pathogens using disk diffusion, broth dilution, or other methods.
For phytotoxic activity, the endophytic fungi are assessed for their toxicity to plants by exposing the plants to fungal extracts or cultures and measuring any changes in growth, morphology, or other parameters.
For antibacterial activity, the endophytic fungi are screened for their ability to inhibit the growth of selected bacterial pathogens using disk diffusion, broth dilution, or other methods.
For phytotoxic activity, the endophytic fungi are assessed for their toxicity to plants by exposing the plants to fungal extracts or cultures and measuring any changes in growth, morphology, or other parameters.
The methods used to evaluate the diversity, antibacterial
and phytotoxic activities of culturable endophytic fungi from Pinellia pedatisecta and Pinellia ternata typically involve the following steps:
1. Isolation of endophytic fungi: Endophytic fungi are typically isolated from the plant tissues using standard cultivation methods.
2. Diversity analysis: To assess the diversity of the endophytic fungal community, various molecular techniques such as PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions.
3. Antibacterial activity assessment: The antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi is typically evaluated using agar well diffusion assays, where the fungal extract is added to the wells in the agar plate and the inhibition of bacterial growth is observed.
4. Phytotoxicity assessment: The phytotoxicity of endophytic fungi can be evaluated by assessing their impact on the growth of test plants in vitro. For example, seed germination and root elongation assays can be performed to determine the phytotoxicity of fungal extracts.
The diversity, antibacterial and phytotoxic activities of culturable
endophytic fungi from Pinellia pedatisecta and Pinellia ternata can be studied through various methods, including:
1. Diversity analysis: This involves identifying and characterizing the endophytic fungi found in the plants. This can be done through techniques such as culture-dependent methods and molecular-based techniques, such as PCR-DGGE or sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the fungal ribosomal DNA.
2. Antibacterial activity assay: This involves testing the extracts or metabolites produced by the endophytic fungi for antibacterial activity against bacterial strains. This can be done using methods such as disk diffusion, agar well diffusion or broth microdilution.
3. Phytotoxicity assay: This involves testing the toxicity of the extracts or metabolites produced by the endophytic fungi on plant cells or seed germination. This can be done using methods such as seed germination, root elongation, and leaf disc assays.
The methods used to assess
The methods used to assess
the diversity, antibacterial, and phytotoxic activities of culturable endophytic fungi from Pinellia pedatisecta and Pinellia ternata typically involve the following steps:
1. Collection and isolation of endophytic fungi: Endophytic fungi can be collected from the inner tissues of the plant using sterile techniques, such as surface sterilization and tissue homogenization. The fungi can then be isolated and cultured on appropriate media.
2. Diversity analysis: The diversity of the endophytic fungi can be analyzed using various techniques, such as morphological observation, PCR-based DNA fingerprinting (e.g., RAPD, ISSR), and sequencing.
3. Antibacterial activity assay: The antibacterial activity of the endophytic fungi can be tested by exposing bacterial cultures to fungal extracts or by growing the fungi in close proximity to bacterial cultures. The inhibition of bacterial growth can be measured using assays such as the disk diffusion method or the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay.
4. Phytotoxicity assay: The phytotoxicity of the endophytic fungi can be tested by exposing plant seedlings or tissues to fungal extracts or by growing the fungi in close proximity to plant tissues. The effect on plant growth can be measured using various parameters, such as root length, shoot height, and biomass.
These methods can provide insight into the diversity, antibacterial, and phytotoxic activities of endophytic fungi, which can have potential applications in the fields of agriculture, biotechnology, and medicine.
Tags:
MICROBIOLOGY